|
|
Lung Cancer Non Small Cell Cure - Lung Cancer Non Small Cell Medicine Drug
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) The non-small cell lung carcinomas are grouped together because their prognosis and management are similar. There are three main sub-types: squamous cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell lung carcinoma.
Sub-types of non-small cell lung cancer[16] Histological sub-type Frequency of all lung cancers (%) Squamous cell lung carcinoma 31.1 Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) 23.2 Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma 3.0 Adenosquamous carcinoma 1.2 Papillary adenocarcinoma 0.7 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma[19] 0.1 Adenoid cystic carcinoma[20] 0.04 Other specified adenocarcinoma 1.1 Large cell carcinoma 10.7 Giant cell and spindle cell carcinoma 0.4 Other/unspecified non-small cell lung carcinoma 8.9 Accounting for 31.1% of lung cancers,[16] squamous cell lung carcinoma usually starts near a central bronchus. Cavitation and necrosis within the center of the cancer is a common finding. Well-differentiated squamous cell lung cancers often grow more slowly than other cancer types.[5]
Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women,[1][2] is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually.[3] The most common symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing (including coughing up blood), and weight loss.[4]
The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. This distinction is important because the treatment varies; non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is sometimes treated with surgery, while small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiation.[5] The most common cause of lung cancer is long term exposure to tobacco smoke.[6] The occurrence of lung cancer in non-smokers, who account for fewer than 10% of cases, appears to be due to a combination of genetic factors,[7][8] radon gas,[9] asbestos,[10] and air pollution,[11][12][13] including second-hand smoke.[14][15]
Lung cancer may be seen on chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT scan). The diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy. This is usually performed via bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy. Treatment and prognosis depend upon the histological type of cancer, the stage (degree of spread), and the patient's performance status. Possible treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. With treatment, the five-year survival rate is 14%.[4]
Adenocarcinoma accounts for 29.4% of lung cancers.[16] It usually originates in peripheral lung tissue. Most cases of adenocarcinoma are associated with smoking. However, among people who have never smoked ("never-smokers"), adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer.[21] A subtype of adenocarcinoma, the bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is more common in female never-smokers, and may have different responses to treatment.[22]
Accounting for 10.7% of lung cancers,[16] large cell lung carcinoma is a fast-growing form that develops near the surface of the lung.[23] It is often poorly differentiated and tends to metastasize early.[5]
|
|
